AWS

Question 1: What storage classes are available in Amazon S3?

Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) provides several storage classes to cater to different data access patterns, durability requirements, and cost considerations. Here are the main storage classes available in Amazon S3:

1. Amazon S3 Standard: This is the default storage class for general-purpose storage of frequently accessed data. It offers high durability, availability, and performance for data that needs to be accessed regularly.
2. Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering: This storage class is designed to optimize costs by automatically moving data to the most cost-effective access tier based on changing access patterns. It starts as S3 Standard and then moves objects to S3 Infrequent Access or S3 Archive Access tiers based on usage patterns.
3. Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA): This storage class is designed for data that is accessed less frequently but still requires rapid access when needed. It provides lower storage costs compared to S3 Standard, with a slightly lower availability.
4. Amazon S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA): Similar to S3 Standard-IA, this storage class is designed for infrequently accessed data. However, it stores data in a single Availability Zone, providing lower redundancy and lower costs compared to S3 Standard-IA.
5. Amazon S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval: This storage class is designed for long-term data archiving with milliseconds retrieval time. It provides secure and durable object storage for long-lived data that is accessed once or twice per year.
6. Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval (formerly S3 Glacier): This storage class is designed for secure, durable, and low-cost object storage for data archiving. Retrieval times range from 1 to 5 minutes for expedited retrievals or 3 to 5 hours for standard retrievals.
7. Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive: This is the lowest-cost storage class designed for archiving data that is rarely accessed and has a retrieval time of 12 hours. It offers the highest level of security and durability but at the cost of long retrieval times.

These storage classes offer different combinations of durability, availability, performance, and cost to meet various data storage needs. Choosing the appropriate storage class depends on factors such as data access patterns, durability requirements, and cost optimization goals.

Additionally, Amazon S3 provides features like cross-region replication, object versioning, and lifecycle policies to help manage and optimize storage costs and data protection.

Question2: What is EC2?

Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a web service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides scalable computing capacity in the cloud. It allows users to rent virtual machines (instances) to run their applications.

Here are some key features and concepts related to EC2:

1. Virtual Machines (Instances): EC2 provides virtual server instances that you can launch and configure according to your computing requirements. These instances run on Amazon’s secure and reliable infrastructure.
2. Instance Types: EC2 offers a wide range of instance types with varying combinations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity to suit different use cases, such as general-purpose computing, compute-optimized, memory-optimized, accelerated computing, and more.
3. Amazon Machine Images (AMIs): AMIs are pre-configured virtual machine images that include an operating system, application server, and applications. You can choose from a variety of AMIs provided by AWS, third-party vendors, or create your own custom AMIs.
4. Elastic Block Store (EBS): EBS provides persistent block-level storage volumes that you can attach to your EC2 instances. These volumes persist independently from the life of an instance, allowing you to create reliable storage volumes.
5. Security Groups: Security groups act as virtual firewalls that control inbound and outbound traffic to your EC2 instances. You can specify rules to allow or deny traffic based on IP addresses, protocols, and ports.
6. Auto Scaling: EC2 Auto Scaling allows you to automatically scale your instances up or down based on defined rules and policies, ensuring that you have the right amount of computing resources to handle varying application loads.
7. Elastic Load Balancing: This service automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple EC2 instances, improving application fault tolerance and availability.
8. Spot Instances: Spot Instances allow you to bid on unused EC2 computing capacity, providing you with cost savings in exchange for potential instance interruptions.
9. Pricing Models: EC2 instances can be launched on an On-Demand, Reserved (1 or 3 years), or Spot pricing model, allowing you to optimize costs based on your use case.

EC2 is designed to provide scalable and secure computing capacity in the cloud, enabling you to launch and manage virtual servers as needed, without the need to invest in physical hardware. It integrates with other AWS services like Elastic Load Balancing, Auto Scaling, and Amazon EBS to provide a complete cloud computing solution.